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Choral Pronunciation Guide · 合唱拼音指南

A practical guide to Taiwan Mandarin for conductors teaching Chinese-language music. Designed by linguist 葉宇喬, this adapted spelling system makes pronunciation cues visible on the page, with English examples and IPA as a rehearsal reference.由語言學家葉宇喬設計，以臺灣華語為基礎，將發音線索清楚呈現在拼寫中。結合英語例字與國際音標，協助不懂中文的合唱指揮在排練現場帶領中文演唱。

Two editions. One musical work.同一首作品，兩種拼音選擇。

Hanyu Pinyin · 漢語拼音版

For teachers and conductors who already speak Chinese and prefer the familiar standard spelling.適合本身會中文、習慣使用標準漢語拼音的合唱老師與指揮。

Choral pronunciation · 合唱拼音版

For conductors who do not speak Chinese and want explicit sound cues while teaching. The adapted spellings are supported by the reference tables below.適合不懂中文、需要清楚發音線索的合唱指揮。可搭配下方發音表，在教學與排練時查閱。

Select your preferred pronunciation edition when ordering a score.訂購樂譜時，依合唱團的教學需求選擇拼音版本。

Read the key · 如何閱讀發音表

Read each row from spelling to IPA to the English cue. Square brackets show the sound rather than the spelling; “~” shows the pronunciation alternatives listed in the source. The small raised ʰ indicates aspiration, a noticeable puff of air.依序閱讀拼寫、國際音標與英語發音提示。方括號表示語音；「~」表示原表列出的不同發音。上標 ʰ 表示送氣，即明顯的氣流。

Keep ï, ü and ê visible: these marks distinguish sounds and are part of the spelling.ï、ü、ê 的附加符號是拼寫的一部分，用來區別發音，不可省略。

English examples are reference points. Use the IPA and tongue or lip cues alongside them.英語例字是發音參照，請同時搭配國際音標與舌位、唇形提示。

Initials · 聲母

Zhuyin 注音	Spelling 合唱拼音	IPA 國際音標	Pronunciation cue · 發音提示
ㄅ	b	[p]	Unaspirated p, as in “spit”.不送氣的 p，如 spit。
ㄆ	p	[pʰ]	Strongly aspirated p, as in “pit”.強送氣的 p，如 pit。
ㄇ	m	[m]	As in “may”.如 may 的 m。
ㄈ	f	[f]	As in “fit”.如 fit 的 f。
ㄉ	d	[t]	Unaspirated t, as in “stop”.不送氣的 t，如 stop。
ㄊ	t	[tʰ]	Strongly aspirated t, as in “top”.強送氣的 t，如 top。
ㄋ	n	[n]	As in “nit”.如 nit 的 n。
ㄌ	l	[l]	As in “lay”.如 lay 的 l。
ㄍ	g	[k]	Unaspirated k, as in “skill”.不送氣的 k，如 skill。
ㄎ	k	[kʰ]	Strongly aspirated k, as in “kill”.強送氣的 k，如 kill。
ㄏ	h	[x ~ h]	As in German “ach” or Spanish “jota”; some speakers use the h in “hay”.如德語 ach 或西班牙語 jota；部分說話者發音如 hay 的 h。
ㄐ	ź	[tɕ]	Palatalized z; the front of the tongue is near or touching the hard palate.顎化的 z；舌前部接近或接觸硬顎。
ㄑ	ć	[tɕʰ]	Palatalized c; the front of the tongue is near or touching the hard palate.顎化的 c；舌前部接近或接觸硬顎。
ㄒ	ś	[ɕ]	Palatalized s; the front of the tongue is near or touching the hard palate.顎化的 s；舌前部接近或接觸硬顎。
ㄓ	zh	[ʈʂ ~ ʧ]	Unaspirated ch, between the initial consonants in “choke” and “joke”.不送氣的 ch，介於 choke 與 joke 的起始子音之間。
ㄔ	ch	[ʈʂʰ ~ ʧʰ]	As in “chin”, but strongly aspirated.如 chin 的 ch，但要強送氣。
ㄕ	sh	[ʂ ~ ʃ]	As in “shoe”.如 shoe 的 sh。
ㄖ	r	[ɻ ~ ʐ ~ ʒ]	Similar to the r in “reduce”.接近 reduce 的 r。
ㄗ	z	[ʦ]	Unaspirated c, between the final consonants in “suds” and “cats”.不送氣的 c，介於 suds 與 cats 的結尾子音之間。
ㄘ	c	[ʦʰ]	Like ts in “cats”, but strongly aspirated.如 cats 的 ts，但要強送氣。
ㄙ	s	[s]	As in “sun”.如 sun 的 s。

Medials & vowels · 介音與母音

Zhuyin 注音	Spelling 合唱拼音	IPA 國際音標	Pronunciation cue · 發音提示
—	ï	[ɨ ~ ɯ]	A buzzed continuation after z-, c-, s-, zh-, ch-, sh- or r-.接在 z、c、s、zh、ch、sh 或 r 後，延續其共鳴；不是 bee 的 i。
ㄧ	i	[i]	As in “bee”.如 bee 的母音。
ㄨ	u	[u]	As in “boot”, but a little farther back.如 boot 的母音，但舌位稍後。
ㄩ	ü	[y]	As in German “über” or French “lune”; English ee with rounded lips.如德語 über 或法語 lune；發 ee 時將嘴唇圓起。
ㄜ	e	[ɤ ~ ə]	Similar to unstressed “but”, or “duh” with a less open mouth.接近非重讀的 but，或開口較小的 duh。
ㄝ	ê	[e ~ ɛ]	As in “bet”.如 bet 的母音。
ㄛ	o	[o ~ ɔ]	As in British English “awe”.如英式英語 awe 的母音。
ㄚ	a	[a]	As in “father”, but slightly farther forward.如 father 的母音，但舌位稍前。

Coda consonants · 韻尾子音

Zhuyin 注音	Spelling 合唱拼音	IPA 國際音標	Pronunciation cue · 發音提示
—	-n	[-n]	As in “sin”.如 sin 的結尾。
—	-ng	[-ŋ]	As in “sing”.如 sing 的結尾。
—	-r	[-˞]	As in “bar”.如 bar 的結尾。

Six differences from Hanyu Pinyin與漢語拼音的六項差異

j → ź · q → ć · x → ś
The three initials use palatalized spellings. The source notes that zh, ch and sh pronunciations can still be understood; use the table above to work toward the intended palatal sounds.三個聲母改用顎化拼寫。原表指出，即使發成 zh、ch、sh 仍可被理解；練習時可依聲母表調整至預期的顎化發音。
No added y or w · 不另加 y 或 w
The Pinyin initials y and w are excluded. Syllables beginning with i, u or ü keep those vowels at the beginning.不使用漢語拼音的 y、w 起首形式；以 i、u、ü 開始的音節，直接保留原母音。
Always retain ï, ü and ê · 永遠保留附加符號
These vowel marks are never omitted.ï、ü、ê 的附加符號一律不省略。
iu → iou · ui → uêi · un → uen
Vowels abbreviated in these Pinyin spellings are restored.補回這些漢語拼音縮寫中省略的母音。
After b, p, m or f: o → uo · eng → ong
These replacements apply after labial initials.在唇音聲母 b、p、m、f 後，o 改為 uo，eng 改為 ong。
ian → iên · üan → üên
The spellings show the vowel quality more explicitly.以 iên、üên 呈現更貼近發音的母音資訊。

Apply the rules together when reading a complete syllable; this list compares spelling conventions, not isolated words.閱讀完整音節時，需合併套用相關規則；以上是拼寫方式的比較，而非個別詞彙的對照。

From the page to the rehearsal room從拼寫到排練現場

The following rehearsal sequence is Note Is’s teaching suggestion, separate from the source key.以下是專註出版建議的排練流程，與原始發音表的規則分開呈現。

Find the vowel · 先找母音
Locate the vowel in the syllable and check its cue, especially ï, ü and ê.先辨識音節中的母音，尤其留意 ï、ü、ê 的區別。
Add the initial · 加上聲母
Compare unaspirated and aspirated pairs such as b/p, d/t and g/k before adding them to the vowel.比較 b/p、d/t、g/k 等不送氣與送氣的組合，再與母音連接。
Check the ending · 確認韻尾
Distinguish -n from -ng. Agree on where the final consonant lands in the musical phrase.區分 -n 與 -ng，並統一樂句中韻尾的收音位置。
Speak, then sing · 先讀再唱
Speak a short phrase slowly, then in rhythm, before singing it. Keep the same vowel identity when moving to sustained notes.先慢讀短句，再按節奏朗讀，最後加入旋律；延長音仍保留相同的母音音色。

This reference covers the sounds and spelling rules in the supplied key. It does not provide a separate tone chart or song-specific spoken demonstration.本頁整理所提供發音表的語音與拼寫規則；原表未另列聲調表或特定歌曲的朗讀示範。

THE SYSTEM DESIGNER · 拼音設計者

葉宇喬 · Linguist

The choral pronunciation system was designed by linguist 葉宇喬. Note Is uses this pronunciation key with permission.合唱拼音系統由語言學家葉宇喬設計；專註出版已獲授權使用這份拼音規則。

Source: Pronunciation Key for Taiwan Mandarin. Pronunciation tables and six spelling rules are reorganized from the supplied key; Chinese explanations and rehearsal guidance are added by Note Is.資料來源：Pronunciation Key for Taiwan Mandarin。發音表與六項拼寫規則依所提供原表重新編排；中文說明與排練建議由專註出版整理。

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